Different learning styles and aptitude levels not effectively addressed. Due to the above, focus tend to be on high achievers and slower students can be left behind. Concept explanation relies heavily on teacher's ingenuity. Role learning tends to dominate most activities. Teacher centric; passive learners.

Self paced, self accessed and self-directed strategies address different learning styles and aptitude levels. Courseware features allow advanced learners to move on with teacher guidance; teacher can devote more attention to slower students. Technology in courseware is a useful teaching tool. Combination of text, multimedia graphics and interactivity ease concept explanation and add variety to learning and testing activities. Active learners; teacher facilitator.

Knowledge and expertise in producing technologies and patents. Competing culture towards technology innovating country, not just the technology user.